Reactivity of Mg and Ca Essay

Introduction The aim of this practical is to observe the difference in the reactivity between Mg and Ca when hot and cold water is added. Hypothesis We think they will react in some kind of form. Variables The independent variable was the temperature of the water and also the quantity of metal use in the experiment and the dependent variable was the reaction. Equipment * Mg (s) * Ca (s) * Phenolphthalein * Beaker * Cold and hot water * Sandpaper * Test tubes with rack Procedure 1. The Magnesium was cleaned with sandpaper. 2. Two pieces of magnesium was put into two test tubes and two pieces of calcium was put into two test tubes. 3. Cold water was added into two test tubes one with calcium one with magnesium. 4. Two droplets of phenolphalein were added in each of the test tubes filled with cold water to observe the change in ph. 5. Water was heated over a Benson burner and poured into the two test tubes without water while observing the reactions. 6. Two droplets of phenolphalein were added in each of the test tubes filled with cold water to observe the change in ph. Observation Relative reactivity of Cold water Hot water Mg There was a minimum reaction. Fig. 1 There is a bigger reaction than with the cold water. Fig. 2 Ca The temperature of the water increases right away. Before we dropped the phenolphthalein the solution was white, fig.3, but after adding the phenolphthalein it turned pink, fig.4, which means that the reaction is basic. The temperature stayed the same but because the water was hot the reaction was more explosive and quicker. Before the phenolphthalein the solution was white, fig.3, and after dropping the phenolphthalein it turned pink, fig.4, which means that is a basic solution. Results Are your results in accordance with what you have learned about reactivity? Yes because calcium has more orbits the atom has the less energy it needs to give away electrons. In this case the atom that has more orbits is the calcium that is why it reacts more than the magnesium because calcium needs less energy to give electrons away. And the magnesium didn’t react much because it needs more energy that the one that we gave it. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between Mg and H2O: Mg (s) + H2O (l) MgO (s) + H2 (g) Uncertainties Other element might have been present. The hot water might have been heated more. Conclusion We learned that both magnesium and calcium is basic solutions because of the pink tint to the color. We also learned that calcium reacted faster than magnesium.

Chemistry Lab Report Water Hydration Introduction

Chemistry Lab Report Water Hydration Introduction: A hydrated crystal or hydrated occurs when water becomes tightly attracted to a metal salt base on it’s polarity. The water molecules maintain integrity as molecules, however they are considered to be part of the formula of the hydrate. When the hydrate metal salt crystal is heated, the attractions to the water are broken by the heat energy and the water escape from the crystal. After heating the salt crystal is called as anhydrous, which means without water. Many of the salt contain transition metals such as cobalt that is colorful (purple).Often the color of transition metal like cobalt’s color will change as a function of how many waters it is attracted to. Compounds containing water (H2O) of hydrated are written with water separate by a dot (. ). This (. ) means for hydrated metal salt there are how many number of moles of water bound to each mole of that metal salt. Research Question: The aim of this experiment is to calculate the number of moles of water bounded to each mole of cobalt chloride ( CoCl2. H2O). This cobalt chloride hydrated may be monohydrate with 1 mole of water attracted to cobalt chloride.It may be dihydrate, trihydrate, tetrahydrate or pentahydrate; your task is to determine which one you are given. Hypothesis: If cobalt chloride were heated until there is no further lose in weight, 6 moles of water would be lost from 1 mole of salt. Therefore it is predicted that there are 6 moles of water in this reaction. Materials (Apparatus): 1. 3 gram of cobalt chloride 2. Evaporating dish 3. Tongs to hold the evaporating dish 4. Ring stand 5. Iron ring 6. Clamp 7. Bunsen burner 8. Matches 9. 40. 20 g size of the crucible 10. Digital balance/ g 0. 01 11.Clay triangle 12. Gloss rod Procedure: 1. Place an empty crucible on digital balance by uncertainty of 0. 01g 2. Measure the size of the crucible without salt 3. Add 3 gram of cobalt chloride to the crucible 4. Measure the total size o f crucible containing cobalt chloride 5. Take the crucible containing salt, place it on the Bunsen burner by tongs. Place crucible on a clay triangle and iron ring to protect the crucible from falling. 6. Gently heat the crucible by Bunsen burner 7. Use a gloss rod to give a movement to cobalt chloride to crystalized. 8.Record time for salt crystallization 9. Stop heating when cobalt chloride crystalized 10. Wait for few second for crucible to cool down 11. Place and Measure the anhydrous crucible by digital balance 12. Using calculation find the number of moles in this reaction. CoCl2 . nH2O CoCl2 + nH2 Data Collection and Processing: Process| Observation during the experiment | Changes in color | As we started heating the crucible containing CoCl2. H2O , the color of the CoCl2 started to change from violet purple to dark purple and the blue in 6 minutes and it is because of water evaporation. Appearance of the salt during heating | After 3 to 5 minutes, as water was evaporating an d reaching its melting and boiling point, salt began to bubble. At the beginning of heating it was powdery solid then it changed to liquid and at last solid again. Volume of salt decreases because of lost of molecules. We waited for 10 minutes until it cooled down. | Calculations: Raw data collected Mass| Grams | Uncertainty /g  ±0. 01| Crucible| 42. 20 g| 0. 02 %| Pure H2O | 1. 36 g| 0. 73 %| Pure CoCl2| 1. 66 g | 0. 60 %| | | Total uncertainty | | | 0. 08 %|Find the masses: Crucible + CoCl2. H2O = 45. 23 g Anhydrous = 43. 86 g Mass of pure H2O = 45. 23 – 43. 28 = 1. 36 g Mass of pure CoCl2 = 3. 02 – 1. 36 = 1. 66 g Find the uncertainty: CoCl2 = 1. 66 = 0. 01 = 0. 60 % 100 x H2O = 1. 36 = 0. 01 = 0. 73 % 100 x Crucible = 42. 20 = 0. 01 = 0. 02 % 100 x Total uncertainty: 0. 02 % + 0. 60 % + 0. 73 % = 1. 3 % 100 = 1. 3 = 0. 08 % 6 x Find the percentage of water: % Water = weight of water in sample * 100 Original weight of sample % 45. 03 = 1. 36 *100 3. 02 Find the nu mber of moles: CoCl2 . H2O CoCl2 H2O 1. 661. 36 1. 66 * 18 n = 1. 36 * 130 29. 88 n = 176. 8 g 130 18 n n = 176. 8 / 29. 88 n = 6 moles CoCl2 . 6H2O CoCl2 +6H2O Conclusion: From this experiment, I investigated that my hypothesis is fairly accurate as I predicted. Therefore it is concluded that through empirical formula, the degree of hydration is hydrated CoCl2 was determined to a relative degree of accuracy. It is determined to be approximately 6 moles of water bonded with 1 mole of CoCl2 and giving: CoCl2 . 6H2O. Evaluation:Our experiment was fairly close as the ratio was 1:5. 9. However, the ratio achieved through this experiment was, while approximately accurate to the accepted literature value of 1: 6, not so precise tat this ratio could be assumed to anything greater or lesser than 1 significant figure. This anomaly can be explained by acknowledging some errors within the experimental process. While the determined degree of hydration was not perfect, and indeed to find the cur rent rather elaborate ratio a degree of rounding was still required, it was still reasonably accurate. Some errors can be: 1.Over heating of the hydrated cobalt chloride can result in burning the anhydrous compound of cobalt chloride, therefore contaminating it with oxygen and alerting the mass present in the crucible. This could lead to varying degrees of inaccuracy. 2. Base on the fact that cobalt chloride is hydrophilic means; it will absorb moisture from atmosphere. Therefore, the experiment should be conducted in a dry, well-aired lab to avoid as little absorption as possible. 3. In contrast to burning the anhydrous compound, the heating could have failed to completely remove all the water or revise it; it may over heated that also effect on the accuracy.Improvements: There are several ways to improve this experiment. The key improvement to this experiment would probably be to decrease the intensity with which flame is applied to the crucible. This reduces the possibility to re duce overheating, and increase the period of time spent dehydrating the sample to ensure a slower, more through and less intense dehydration. Another improvement can be using a lab, which has the suitable location for this experiment. At last, have a expert partner or teacher to tell u, when stop heating the crucible can improve the accuracy of constant mass to achieve.

Spring Syllabus

[pic] [pic] Florida A&M University Department of Chemistry CHM 1045 Lab Syllabus COURSE SYLLABUS | |Course Number: CHM 1045L |Course Title: General Chemistry I Laboratory | |Prerequisite(s): | | |Co-requisite: CHM 1045 Lecture | | |Course Credit: 1 |Course Hours: 3 per week | |College: Science and Technology |Required Text(s): The laboratory manual, Experiments In General Chemistry, 6th | | |Edition by Peter Cottrell, Jesse Edwards, & Richard A. Ford, Jr. | |Department: Chemistry | | |Faculty Name: Arian White-Baker |Term and Year: Spring 2013 | | |Place and Time: 401/413 Jones Hall | |Office Location: |Telephone: ( 850 )599-8424 | |219-A Jones Hall |e-mail: arian1. [email  protected] edu or arian1. [email  protected] com | |Office Hours |Monday |Tuesday |Wednesday |Thursday |Friday |Saturday | | |4:00-5:00 pm | 9:00-11:00 am | |12:00-2:00pm | | Curriculum Status: Required for Chemistry, Biology, Pre-Pharmacy and Pre-Engineering majors. INTRODUCTION General Chemistry I L aboratory (CHM 1045L) is the first course of a sequence of two laboratory courses primarily for students who are in science or science-related majors. In this laboratory course, students will have an opportunity to observe some of the phenomena of matter and obtain practical skills in using various items of laboratory equipment. Upon completion of this course students should have a deeper and more concrete understanding of the experimental science of chemistry.There are 10 different laboratory exercises scheduled to be done during the weeks specified in the SCHEDULE section of this outline. Because of the large number of laboratory sections and the full use of time available during the semester, there will be no opportunity to make individual laboratory exercises. Only in cases of emergency, you must notify your instructor before the class session. In such case, the laboratory experiment should be made up during the week that it was assigned. In order to make up the experiment, thes e procedures should be followed: *Notify your instructor and get a note from them stating their approval and awareness of your absence. *Obtain an official excuse from your dean. Bring the excuse and the note to laboratory coordinators office in JONES HALL room 405. *At this time, you will receive a form with the time that you can make your experiment up. Appointments for office visits other than during scheduled office hours may be made on an individual basis for the mutual convenience of the students and instructor. LABORATORY OBJECTIVES There are several objectives of the laboratory course. Among these are to: a. Train students to observe and follow the standard safety practices while doing experiments. b. Provide a means for students to examine, analyze, and verify chemical principles by carrying out simple exercises in the laboratory. c.Provide an opportunity for students to practice making careful observations and measurements, and to perform critical analyses of the observati ons made and data obtained. d. Train students to carry out laboratory exercises using standard techniques, while keeping a record of the observations made and data obtained. Academic Learning Compact As a result of your experience at FAMU chemistry students should be able to communicate chemical concepts in oral and written laboratory reports. Your reports should discern what you think happened from what indeed did occur based on sound chemical reasoning. You are to interpret laboratory data, measurements, procedures and results. Eventually, you should solve chemical problems and design and evaluate experiments.After taking this class you will be able to recognize potentially hazardous substances and reactions. You should be able to make effective use of information resources and use a computer to gain information about chemical compounds and reactions. LABORATORY MATERIALS The following materials will be required for the laboratory: a. Laboratory safety glasses b. The laboratory ma nual, Experiments In General Chemistry, 6th Edition by Peter Cottrell, Jesse Edwards, & Richard A. Ford, Jr. , which is available at the University Bookstore. c. Laboratory coat d. Expt In General Chemistry Lab Safety & Techniques DVD Safety Students must always wear eye protection and laboratory coats when they are doing the laboratory exercises.There are no exceptions to this requirement. Students not having eye protection and laboratory coat cannot remain in the laboratory. a. Wear approved eye protection at all times. b. Never eat, drink or smoke in a chemical laboratory c. If any glassware is broken, it should be cleaned up by the student. d. Never perform an unauthorized experiment. e. Never work in a chemical laboratory without proper supervision f. Never pipette by mouth or inhale gases or vapors g. Exercise proper care in heating or mixing chemicals h. Be careful with glass equipment PROCEUDURE Each laboratory experiment must be read and carefully studied before coming to t he laboratory.This must be done to ensure that each student is thoroughly familiar with the principles, procedures, calculations, and anything else with the exercises may be involved. Unless otherwise directed to do so, students should work alone in doing in the laboratory exercises. Take extreme care when using the analytical balances, thermometers, and other items of equipment that are expensive and/or may be easily broken. When the laboratory exercise is completed, all equipment should be cleaned and put in its proper place or in the locker in an orderly way. The bench top and common work areas should also be cleaned. LABORATORY REPORTS The pre-laboratory assignments of each laboratory experiment must be turned in to the instructor before the beginning of the laboratory.Laboratory Reports are to be completed and turned in as directed by the instructor. The laboratory report will usually consist of the Pre-Lab, Post-Lab, Lab Write-up, Data Sheet from the laboratory experiment and calculations sheet. Laboratory Report Organization: All sections should be typed except calculations, pre/post lab and your data/report sheet †¢ Title Page: Your name, Group members names, Date, Lab section Title of the Experiment †¢ Introduction- 5-6 sentences at most †¢ Materials and Procedure- Past Tense, Bullet format †¢ Pre-Lab, Report Sheet and Post Lab –please complete all calculations and questions in the spaces provided. If the space is too small, please complete on a separate sheet of paper. Calculation sheet – SHOW ALL WORK! †¢ Conclusion – Discuss what you learned and any possible sources of error that occurred in the experiment. Please use complete sentences. Students who do not actively participate in the laboratory experiment will be subject to point reduction. there are no make up labs, so do not miss a lab date. Late lab reports will not be graded. No exceptions will be granted and no excuses are acceptable. PUBLIC HOLID AYS AND LABS IF YOUR LAB FALLS ON ANY PUBLIC HOLIDAY (EXCEPT THANKSGIVING WEEK) OR UNIVERSITY CONVOCATION, PLEASE ENDEVOR TO ATTEND ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE LAB WITHIN THE SAME WEEK. THE MISSED LAB WILL NOT BE REPEATED THE FOLLOWING WEEK.PLEASE ENSURE THAT THE LAB INSTRUCTOR OF THE LAB YOU ATTENDED FOR MAKEUP SIGNS YOUR WORK AS EVIDENCE OF ATTENDANCE. THEN SUBMIT YOUR LAB REPORT TO YOUR LAB INSTRUCTOR AS USUAL. The total score for the course will be based on laboratory reports, write up, and exam. Each laboratory report will have equal value but not necessarily the same number of points. The laboratory reports will count between 80-90% of the total score. The final laboratory examination will count between 10-20% of the total score. Additionally, you may be given quizzes that will count toward your overall grad. The various parts of the lab exercises and reports will contribute towards the final grade as follows: Lab Reports Report Sheet and Data 50Pre-Lab 10 Post Lab 10 Write up 30 Total 100 There will be a total of Ten Labs and Two Exams worth 100 pts each. At the end of the semester, an overall fractional score will be calculated. It is anticipated that the grade will be based on the following scale for fractional scores: A- (90% or above)(990-1110) B-(80-90%)(880-989) C-(70-80%)(770-879) D-(60-70%)(660-769) F- (Below 60%)(659 & Below) Some general items to be considered in grading the reports will be the neatness and legibility of the report, the correct use of English, and the proper use of significant figures and units.Other items that may be considered, depending on the specific exercise, will be the closeness of a result obtained to what the result should be the correctness of any calculations, and the completeness of any observations that may be expected. A subjective evaluation will also be included of the student’s attitude toward the laboratory exercised and the correct use of the laboratory equipment. Academic Calendar: Fall 2013 January 7 Classes begin (Full-Time Studies) January 21 Martin Luther King (Holiday) March 11-15 Spring Break March 29 Last day to withdraw April 26 Last day to submit I change of grade Aptil 26 Last day of classes April 29-May 3, 2013 Final examinations Week CHM 1045 Labs Spring 2013Lab # Date Title Page # 1/7-12/12 Laboratory Orientation and Safety Video/ MSDS 1. 1//14-18/12 Basic Laboratory Technique 1 No Labs 1/21-25/12 Martin Luther King – No Class This Week 2. 1/28 – 2/1/12 Identification of Substances by physical properties 13 3. 2/4-8/12 Separation of the Components of a mixture 23 4. 2/11-15/12 Chemical reactions of copper and percent yield 31 5. /18-22/12 The stoichiometry of a reaction 39 2/25-3/1/12 Exam #1 6. 3/4 – 8/12 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 49 No Labs 3/11-15/12 Spring Break- No Class This week 7. 3/18-22/12 Qualitative-Analysis Scheme 61 8. 3/25-29/12 Colorimetric determination of iron 69 9. 4/1-5/12 Behavior of gases: Molar mass 93 10. 4/8-12/12 Where are electrons? : VSEPR 245 4/15-19/12 Exam 2 SAMPLE LAB WRITE UP: Cover Page EXPERIMENT 1BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES John Doe Group Members: Andrew Luck Reggie Wayne Dwight Freeney SAMPLE LAB WRITE UP INTRODUCTION Chemistry is an experimental science that relies heavily upon meticulous observations and precise measurements. When recording the measurements made, the accuracy of the devise used has to be reflected. Although the metric system used here in America is the most common, scientists prefer the use the International System of Units or SI system. The objective of this lab is to perfect the use of the laboratory balance, graduate cylinder, thermometer and pipets in order to learn how to obtain accurate measurements in experimental procedures.This lab will also allow familiarization with the SI units used in scientific work. APPARATUS/MATERIALS Balance150-mL Beaker 250-mL Beaker Bunsen Burner Hose clampFlask 125-mL 50-mL Erlenmeyer Grad. Cylinder Rubber BulbIron ringRing S tand 10-mL Pipet ThermometerWing TipIce Barometer PROCEDURE A. The Bunsen Burner †¢ The Bunsen burner was examined for valves and all gas/air outlets †¢ Both valves were closed and rubber tubing was attached from the gas outlet on the burner to the lab bench spout. †¢ A striker was used to light the gas below the top of the barrel while the gas valve on the burner was gradually opened to obtain a flame roughly 3-4 inches high. The air was adjusted to allow a pale blue flame to form on the inner cone. B. The GraduatedCylinder †¢ The 100-mL graduated cylinder was examined and the markings in milliliters was noted †¢ The cylinder was then filled approximately half full with water and the meniscus(curved surface) was observed. †¢ Reading the lowest point of the meniscus at eye level with the cylinder a volume measurement was obtained to the nearest 0. 1mL and recorded †¢ A 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask was then filled to the top with water and the graduate c ylinder was used to aid in recording the total volume in the flask. C. The Thermometer and Its Calibration To test the accuracy of the thermometer, it was calibrated using known measurements †¢ 50mL of ice was placed in a 250mL beaker and covered with distilled water. †¢ The ice-water mixture was allowed to set and come to equilibrium and measurements were taken and recorded. †¢ To test the boiling point, a 250-mL beaker ws set on a wire gause and iron ring half full with distilled water. †¢ The water was heated and measurements were periodically taken to determine the temperature of the water . †¢ The boiling point of water was recorded and a bp correction calculation was performed to determine the true boiling point at the observed pressure. D. Using the Balance to Calibrate the 10-mL Pipet †¢ A penny was weighed and the mass recorded About 40mL of distilled water was put in a 50-mL beaker †¢ The weight of an empty, dry 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask was weighted to the nearest 0. 1 mL †¢ The temperature of the water in the beaker was measured and recorded. †¢ Exactly 10 mL of water was pipet into the empty flask and the flask was weighed with the water. †¢ The weight of the water was determined by subtraction the mass of the empty flask from the mass obtained after the 10 mL of water was added. †¢ The density was calculated, and based on the temperature obtained previously, the accuracy of the pipet was determined. †¢ This procedure was repeated three more times CALCULATIONS: WRITE ALL CALCULATIONS IN THIS SECTION. NO NEED TO TYPE THEM OUT.CONCLUSION: The objective of this lab was to learn the use of simple lab equipment. In this experiment our group was able to learn basic laboratory protocols and become familiar with common equipment operation. We were able to successfully calibrate and standardize the equipment for future measurements to be taken. Overall there were minor errors that could have occurred including the following: not reading the bottom of the meniscus on the graduated cylinder procedure and dropping some water while transferring to flasks in procedure D. We completed all procedures proficiently otherwise and look forward to a semester of future experimentation.

Describe What Is Meant by a Positive Environment Essay

A positive environment is one that supports all aspects of development, learning and provides ways for practitioners to extend on that, challenging children and promoting times for them to rest. It also means an environment where parents, colleagues, all work in partnership to actively make opportunities for children to achieve positive outcomes. Development: Physical development This is mainly about physical skills.Children need to master a lot of different types of movements as they grow, including: large movements- being able to control their head, arms and legs, known as gross motor movements; moving around and balancing – being able to walk, jump and move around, known as locomotive movements; Fine movements – being able to control their hands and make their hands and eyes work together, known as fine motor movements. Communication and intellectual developmentThis is about the way that children learn to talk and understand others as well as the way in whitch they l earn to think and work things out. Social, emotional and behavioural development This is about the way that children learn to play and be with others. It is also about the way that they learn to express their feelings and learn to control their behaviour. Whatever age group or setting you are working with, you must plan an environment that encourages the development of the whole child.First of all you think about the different settings that children and young people aged 0-16 years may experience. These settings have both indoor and outdoor physical spaces that need to be considered. The layout of the physical environment is your team’s responsibility and contributes to giving each child positive outcomes in their learning, and development. The available space will influence the way the furniture and equipment is set out. While it is important to create an attractive environment, everything should be safe, secure and have purpose that supports each area of the children

Interpretations of Confucianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interpretations of Confucianism - Essay Example The next broad issue which was brought up in the context of a discussion of Confucianism is ecological sustainability. It was rather surprising for me to learn that this aspect of the world is engaged in the consideration of abstract ethical values. However, I agree that the current state of affairs and the way the humanity treats the nature stands for lack of correct understanding of one’s role in the world. In other words, the ongoing process of climate change, as well as negative effects that industrial production has on the environment, shows the mankind is not able to organize its activity properly. This means that the above-mentioned situations should be seen as a sign that the humanity advanced in the wrong direction.While Confucianism does not hold specific advice with regard to ecological improvement, some of its provisions may be interpreted in a way that would help to save the world. Indeed, one can hardly argue that the harmony which is brought by this teaching int o the society might also be extended towards the relationship between people and nature. As a result, the global climatic problems that are currently witness might be seen as conflicts between the two parties.Another issue that was brought up in the discussion is the economic problems that the global community is currently facing. It is quite understandable that issuing more money will not defeat global poverty. In addition to that, economic development of one part of the world will not lead to any improvements in a different one.

2 Synthesis paragraphs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 Synthesis paragraphs - Essay Example p). The author suggests that, â€Å"Physician assisted suicide disproportionately affects the poor and people living with disabilities (Acton, n. p).† This implies that the assisted suicide affects the poor and people living with disabilities who cannot afford other health care services. The medical institutions are profit-driven in which doctors try to minimize costs by reducing care. The physicians fear that the medical expenses incurred by the vulnerable groups will surpass their medical coverage limitations, leading to losses at the hospitals. The notion of undermining the disabled has been thwarted by the state governments with legislations aimed at empowering them to enjoy services like others. For instance, Oregon has a comprehensive medical plan that supports assisted suicide patients by allowing them to obtain lethal drugs (Acton, n. p). The author suggests that, â€Å"the six month rule that only patients with less than six months to live can qualify for assisted suicide (Acton, n. p).† However, the mentally ill are given the lethal drugs due to faulty prognosis conducted by the physicians. This arises if the doctors feel that someone is mentally ill and having the lethal drug would be the only amicable choice for them. The other protection of the vulnerable patients is the six-month rule in which the sick with a minimum of six months to live can qualify for the assisted suicide (Acton, n. p). In another article, George Dvorsky contends that it should be someone’s rights to request for assisted suicide. The author contends that, â€Å"As it stands, physician-assisted suicide is illegal in most jurisdictions (Dvorsky, n. p).† The notion is that people should be ready to observe laws that support assisted suicide, especially in the era of technological adoption. Life support systems are gaining recognition in hospitals and this shall

Criminal Justice 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Criminal Justice 1 - Essay Example A delicate balancing act of this high speed pursuit is necessary because a lot is usually at stake. On one hand is the police wanting to prevent fleeing criminals from the authority and from facing their criminal charges and on the other hand is the fact that these high speed chases put many individuals at risk as mentioned earlier (Stevens, 2011). Police teach people to be law abiding and face up to their crimes but not flee from the law. This therefore necessitates them to engage fleeing criminals in high speed vehicular pursuits. Failure to engage them may lead to other fleeing criminals following suit and fleeing in high speed after committing crimes because they know the police will not pursue them. This will decrease the apprehension rate while at the same time encouraging more criminal activities that end up in the criminals fleeing at high speed from the crime scene and maybe even from the country. The other balance needed is to ensure that innocent citizens that are caught up in this vehicular pursuit are not in any way harmed. This also includes ensuring safety measures for those police officers involved directly in the high speed pursuit. Some of the measures the police have to put are preventative by educating the public about the potential risks of being caught up in such a pursuit and what they are expected to do immediately they realize that such a pursuit is ongoing. This may however not prove to be easy because most people do not realize about the high-speed chase until it is too late for them to prevent accidents and even shoot-outs from the criminals or the police. Some people also do not seem to think that this involves them or is their problem in any way and hence put themselves and others at risk (Peak, 2012). The cost of the pursuit is also an issue of debate in the balancing act. The costs involved include the traffic that will snarl up as a result of the chase and